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The perfective aspect (abbreviated ), sometimes called the aoristic aspect,〔Bernard Comrie, 1976, ''Aspect'', p 12. Comrie notes that ''aoristic'' may be confused with aorist, which is generally restricted to the perfective in the past tense, while the term ''perfective'' is commonly confused with perfect, which is not perfective at all.〕 is a grammatical aspect used to describe an action viewed as a simple whole—a unit without interior composition. The perfective aspect is equivalent to the aspectual component of past perfective forms variously called "aorist", "preterite", and "simple past". Although the essence of the perfective is an event seen as a whole, most languages which have a perfective use it for various similar semantic roles, such as momentary events and the onsets or completions of events, all of which are single points in time and thus have no internal structure. Other languages instead have separate momentane, inchoative, or cessative aspects for those roles, with or without a general perfective. Use of a perfective aspect, however, does not imply a punctiliar or short-lived action. It simply "presents an occurrence in summary, viewed as a whole from the outside, without regard for the internal make-up of the occurrence." 〔Fanning,B.M. ''Verbal Aspect in New Testament Greek'' at 97. Oxford:Clarendon, 1990.〕 The perfective aspect is distinguished from the imperfective aspect, which presents an event as having internal structure (such as ongoing or habitual actions), and from the prospective aspect, which describes impending or anticipated action. Aspects such as the perfective should not be confused with tense; perfective aspect can apply to events situated in the past, present, or future. ==Equivalents in English== English has neither a simple perfective nor imperfective aspect; see imperfective and perfective for some basic English equivalents of this distinction. When translating from a language that has these aspects, they will sometimes be given separate verbs in English. For example, in Ancient Greek the imperfective sometimes adds the notion of "try to do something" (the so-called ''conative imperfect''); hence the same verb root, in the imperfective (present or imperfect) and aorist, respectively, is translated as ''look'' and ''see'', ''search'' and ''find'', ''listen'' and ''hear'' (ἠκούομεν ''ēkoúomen'' "we listened" vs. ἠκούσαμεν ''ēkoúsamen'' "we heard"). Spanish is similar, with imperfect and preterite ''sabía'' "I knew" vs. ''supe'' "I found out", ''podía'' "I was able to" vs. ''pude'' "I succeeded", ''quería'' "I wanted to" vs. ''quise'' "I tried to", ''no quería'' "I did not want to" vs. ''no quise'' "I refused". Such distinctions are often highly language-specific. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「perfective aspect」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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